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'''Short answer:''' 4 GiB, without bank switchers. Unlimited otherwise.
Most people seem to believe that Nintendo 64 is somehow limited to cartridge of 64 MiB. The origin of this belief is likely the fact that 64 MiB is the maximum size used by retail games (such as Conker: Bad Fur Day). In fact, there is no such a hardware limit. The cartridge is accessed via the [[PI|PI bus]], a serial bus that allows for full 32-bit addresses, accessible via DMA: so a hardware cartridge can reply with data to any address in the 32-bit range, that is a total of 4 GiB. ROMs must have a valid header at address <code>1000'0000</code>, but besides that, there is absolutely no constraint: a cartridge could also reply with data in the range <code>0000'0000</code> - <code>0FFF'FFFF</code>, as long as the application itself knows about it and retrieves it when necessary.
At the hardware level, the presence of a serial bus means that it is possible to split ROM contents across a different array of chips if required; as long as the PI bus decoding logic knows how to map each address to the correct chip, it will be fine.
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